Levamisole
Levamisole, discovered in 1966 at Janssen Pharmaceutica, is a synthetic imidazothiazole derivative. It is known as an ummunomodulator and helps fortify cells in the immune system. It is sold in the United States under the name Novo-Levamisole, but as of August 2005 was taken off the market in Canada. Although its main use is to treat worms in humans and animals, it is also used to treat colon cancer and melanoma.
In worms, levamisole acts as a nictonic receptor agonist and eliminates them by causing muscle paralysis. This paralysis leads to the worm’s eventual death. Less understood is how levamisole works to strengthen the immune system. For this reason, it is still being studied concerning its use with certain cancers.
Levamisole is available by prescription only and is administered orally via a 50 milligram tablet. The dosage differs for each patient and depends on a patient’s age and weight, as well as the strength of the drug. No matter the dosage, each tablet should be taken with a full glass of water. If a dose is missed, it is important that the patient contact his or her doctor before taking the assigned dose; “double-dosing” is not recommended. Currently scientists and medical researchers are testing the efficacy of combining levamisole with mebendazole in order to lessen resistance to a one-drug treatment.
Side effects of Levamisole include allergic reactions, nausea, diarrhea, and rash. Vomiting shortly after taking the drug may occur, but it is best to consult a doctor to make sure an additional does is not needed. Rare, but also reported, symptoms include difficulty breathing, muscle weakness, seizures, and speech disturbances. Because Levamisole can lower the immune system’s capacity to fight off infection, it is advised that patients taking the drug avoid large gatherings and people that show cold or flu symptoms.